April 09, 2006
Decompression
Two days in a rural location to analyse and debate 8 days of field data before the team disperses. A big part of coping with urban Delhi is dealing with the heat, noise and dust. Time for reflection with the team is in one location is a necessity and we make the most of what we have - the quiet space should ease decompression.
The glow on the left of the photo shows the distant Delhi light leaking into the sky. And the ghostly figures? The field research team on a 30 second exposure whilst our hosts sleep. The nights offered some respite from the intense day time heat.
Posted by Jan at 10:55 PM | Comments (1)
April 07, 2006
Local Insights, Insights from Locals
Being local doesn't qualify someone to be a local guide. Being a foreigner doesn't dis-qualify someone from having insights into a local culture. Something that enables a decent specialist to be able to specialise (and, um, be, er, special) is their ability to apply their expertise and work effectively in foreign contexts. And some specialists are ultimately not that special.
With these provisos in mind it's fair to say that our ability to gather meaningful data in foreign climes is dependent on having good local guides. The most obvious reason to hire guides is to provide cultural insights enterpret the local language. Less obviously a good local guide will use her social network to find appropriate study participants (when not using a recruiting agency); will know where to find what you want and negociate decent prices on anything and everything; makes the team aware of local sensitivities such as how to behave during meetings and where not to point the soles of your feet; dealing with local nuances such as power cuts; and even such simple but moral boosting things as knowing a decent neighbourhood restaurant. Also, in situations where gender is a barrier to gathering data having someone of the opposite sex around provides more options which ultimately leads to more data gathering opportunities.
Much like the rest of us, guides need a clearly described brief to be able to perform well. Given that the brief often changes as the project progresses we make an effort to keep everyone in the loop regarding the range and quality of the data that is being collected. It's worth bearing in mind that asking questions can be seen as a strength or weakness depending on issues as cultural norms, age and the personality of the individuals and that positive and negative feedback can be enterpreted in a number of ways.
Thanks to our cultural guides this past week: Priyanka, Smriiti, Aashish, Samir and Surbee - your insights were much appreciated.
Posted by Jan at 10:46 PM | Comments (0)
April 04, 2006
Privacy Lost, Never Had, A Sham
Public call office receipts litter the street in front of a shop. These receipts typically include information relating to the call - the phone number, time, duration and cost of call.
Posted by Jan at 05:29 PM | Comments (0)
Same But Different
Posted by Jan at 05:20 PM | Comments (0)
Clean Teeth
Sticks for cleaning teeth/chewing, sold to very low income workers close to Old Delhi station.
Photos from a watching-the-city-waking-up street walking session.
Posted by Jan at 02:49 PM | Comments (2)
Media Delivery
Newspapers delivered over the last meters by throwing, a practice similar in the US.
In the UK newspapers are mostly delivered directly into a home mail box. Why the difference in delivery styles between these cultures? Factors include: the risk of theft; the perceived value of the papers; the size of properties and the location of the mail box on the property; whether gates are locked; the size of mail boxes; the size of papers; a culture of putting other things in the mail box? The risk of being rained on does not appear to be a factor - Seattle probably gets a similar amount of rain to many parts of the UK.
This gentleman managed to throw the paper into a tree. Is throwing efficient? For whom?
Posted by Jan at 12:34 PM | Comments (2)
April 03, 2006
(Out of the) Out-of-Office
We've set up a mobile office here in Delhi, but this afternoon's office is, well, out of the out-of-office. I'm perched on the edge of a street stall in South Delhi sipping hot sweet chai. A black and white TV is balanced on a high shelf and is blaring out a Harry Potter movie in Hindi. On my left the owner takes a pot of the boil and pours chai into 6 glasses - one of which ends up in my hands. Two rows of customers, mostly children, line the walls and most are intently watching the movies. They don't appear to be drinking anything.
The chai is pleasant enough, but if I'm honest I don't actually want or need it. The same can be said of a number of purchases today - the chai before this and the chai before that. I also didn't need the haircut, the shave, the picture frames, stickers, manuals, pens and a multitude of other things that were bought at various stalls in this neighbourhood market. But what all these things have in common is that they enable me to slow down social interactions to the point where an ad-hoc interview can take place.
Posted by Jan at 08:43 PM | Comments (2)
Out of Office Reply
The door to the office of an advocate includes both his mobile and residential numbers.
How easy is it to provide contextual information to deal with being out-of-office? In what situations is it useful?
Posted by Jan at 07:41 PM | Comments (0)
How India Wakes Up
What percentage of the world's population wakes up to a phone alarm clock?
The advertisement for a Nokia 1600 and 1110 phones above focuses on a single feature - a talking alarm and clock. Jaago India Jaago translates to 'wake up India'.
Posted by Jan at 07:24 PM | Comments (0)
Aspect Ratio
Three urinals to one squat.
Posted by Jan at 05:38 AM | Comments (0)
How (Parts of) Delhi Wake Up
An attempt to understand the flow of the city. Team has a 6am start. The streets are already buzzing.
Posted by Jan at 03:30 AM | Comments (0)
April 02, 2006
Conversion
"Old currency changed here"
In cultures with grey and black markets for currency gullible tourists can be fooled into changing money for out-of-date local currency. Where? Well from personal experience, the Czech Republic.
How will this kind of scam play out as objects contain more meta data (such as sell by dates) and the life of those objects becomes more traceable?
Posted by Jan at 09:28 PM | Comments (0)
Motivation to Protect
High quality, cover for mobile phone to protect against damage and to a lesser extent dust.
From most angles the phone's appearance is similar with and without this transparent cover with the exception shown above. Beyond reducing the risk damage what are the motivations to use covers? To what extent does this choice boil down to appearance now vs. appearance later?
Posted by Jan at 07:19 PM | Comments (0)
April 01, 2006
Do, And What You Do
The style of holding the money and tickets is both practical (change lined up for customers) and a visual symbol of his role (bus conductor).
Posted by Jan at 07:08 PM | Comments (0)
March 30, 2006
Office Away From The Office
My office for the next two weeks is a townhouse /guesthouse close to Delhi's CP. The house is owned by an English couple who now spend most of their time on an estate just outside Delhi, and its current occupants are the 5 members of our research team plus the Nepali housekeeper and her family. It is welcoming, comfortable and coincidentally very, very English (including little touches like afternoon tea).
It's 5am as I write this and the first strains of sun light are peeking through the expansive mosquito screen and beyond that the canopy of a tree on the front lawn of the house. My body clock is halfway between Tokyo and New Delhi which according to the Windows time zone application puts me somewhere near Krasnoyarsk. The fresh morning air drifts through the house accompanied by bird-song and the distant but frequent sound of trains shunting along to Old Delhi station.
So what are we doing here? The fixed part of the plan is to run a series of focus groups to understand the pros and cons of various concepts. As with a lot of these studies the contextual work that happens around the edges is expected to also yield rich data - observing and documenting the contexts in which the concepts will be used, contextual interviews, and exploring themes such as rituals, customisation, repair cultures, coping with dust and dirt as well as generally trying to understand what both unique and the same about the Indian (communications) context.
The guesthouse is a conducive space to running this kind of study: the expansive and airy lounge can comfortably cope with the team and our 5 assistants (and at night a mattress is rolled out in one corner's it becomes my bedroom). A researcher from Hyderabad is asleep in the master bedroom which is now doubling up as mission control and the mobile office is unpacked and the walls are starting to be covered with data, schedules, photos and sketches of new design iterations. Further along the corridor are the sleeping bodies of a Canadian concept designer living in Helsinki and a Chinese colleague from, um, China whilst the final member of the team - an Indian studying in Helsinki is housed in a room on the roof of this one story building. In a choice between a regular corporate hotel with all mod-cons and this guesthouse with shared living quarters I'd take this any day. There are numerous benefits from having the entire team stay in one space - the net result of which is that we live, eat and sleep the research topic for the duration of our stay (and having access to a housekeeper makes life easier too).
6:30, the newspapers have just landed on the path and the house begins to wake.
Posted by Jan at 11:30 PM | Comments (0)
Game Play
The range of motion of hands shown by the dirt-scraped clean areas.
Is it possible to conduct accurate, longitudinal hand-placement usability tests using dirt as a boundary marker?
The weight of the TV is a counter balance to the pressure exerted on the buttons and joystick.
Posted by Jan at 09:02 PM | Comments (1)
March 28, 2006
On Getting There
Can't think of a city that isn't beautiful to cruise around at night. Window down, non-spoken communication with the driver and the night-air blowing away hours of jet-fug.
From Delhi Airport to deep sleep in the guesthouse in less than an hour.
Posted by Jan at 03:24 AM | Comments (0)
March 19, 2006
When Understanding Doesn't Matter
"Please refrain from the following acts in the store"
Many of the Japanese customers to this store will be unable to read with understanding this text, so what's its purpose?
Posted by Jan at 07:18 AM | Comments (5)
March 07, 2006
Things That Are Spoken
In China a number of VOIP phone, such as a phone in Beijing above, speak the cost of the call once the call is completed. Audio feedback in the context of the shop is a potentially useful feature in a number of ways: it projects to others the services that are available in store - enabling sales; the audio feedback provides an additional layer of transparency (yes - an oxymoron, indeed) since it is more difficult to inflate the cost of a call to a customer or between customers if the price is announced; the shop owner can attend to other things without having to keep an eye on the customer - the end of the call signals the need to collect payment (assuming the call is completed); and in places where illiteracy is an issue it supports users who are less equipped to comprehend the alternative visual feedback.
Examples of spoken features on mobile phones? The Nokia 1110 and 1600 targetted at emerging economies provide speaking alarm and clock functionality - the latter provided through a long key press on a dedicated button. Related research here and here.
There are of course potential drawbacks to providing audio feedback not least annoyance. But being the cultural tourist that I am, the sounds are part and parcel of being in China.
Posted by Jan at 06:05 AM | Comments (2)
November 20, 2005
Non-Literate Mobile Phone Communication
To communicate with someone outside your immediate proximity requires at least 4 things: something to communicate; tools to create what you want to communicate; an infrastructure to carry the communication; and a means of identifying with whom to communicate. There are an estimated 799 million non-literate peoples world wide. If you can't read and write how do you manage your contacts?
This simple observation was the starting point to conduct a series of (ongoing) exploratory research studies in India, China and Nepal - our aim to understand the communication needs of non-literate users. For mobile phone manufacturers who wish to address these needs: How does the inability to read and write affect the ability of mobile phone users to make effective use of mobile phones? Making and receiving calls? Creating and managing contact information? Text messaging? Using time management features? How can we design communication tools that draw on the knowledge and experiences that these users do have?
If your interest is piqued then you might enjoy the following essay entitled Understanding Non-Literacy as a Barrier to Mobile Phone Communication which explores these issues and proposes a number of possible design solutions. As with a lot of our work the original projects included a fair amount of concept development that is only touched on in this essay.
In the studies we spent time with non-literate users exploring, mapping and understanding the things they used and the tasks they wanted to achieve - from using washing machines to weighing scales to running motorbikes to re-tuning TVs to paying for things. How did they interact with objects with textual and numeric interfaces? What problems did they encounter? What strategies did they adopt to overcome these problems? Were these strategies successful? If not, why not? And how can we bring the knowledge from this research and apply it to create communication devices that are more in tune with our non-literate users?
Researching non-literate communication practices has been rewarding: it touches on a very basic human desire - to communicate across time and space; the potential payback for the research is obvious and non-trivial; and the study participants, collaboration partners and environments in which the research took place have been quite simply inspiring.
Photos taken from street research in Mumbia, Bangalore, 2004 & 2005.
Posted by Jan at 01:42 PM | Comments (0)
April 02, 2005
Guerilla Ethnography
Been at Doors Conference giving a three day workshop on Guerilla Ethnography. At other conferences this would be called a user research methods workshop, but hei, this is Doors.
To be frank, none of the talks set me on fire, a few were downright dull. Upsides: many of the conversations with delegates hit the mark, in particular the perspectives from local attendees, and the CKS guys did a stupenous job.
Posted by Jan at 09:19 AM | Comments (0)